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Tibet / China: 'The Fifth Dalai Lama's Descent from the Pure Lands' (18th century). Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso, the Great Fifth Dalai Lama (1617–1682), was a political and religious leader in seventeenth-century Tibet. Ngawang Lozang Gyatso was the ordination name he had received from Panchen Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen who was responsible for his ordination.<br/><br/> He was the first Dalai Lama to wield effective political power over central Tibet, and is frequently referred to as the 'Great Fifth Dalai Lama'.
Kampa Dzong, also called Gamba, Kampa, or Khampa Dzong, is a Tibetan hamlet north of Sikkim.<br/><br/> Dzong architecture is a distinctive type of fortress architecture found in the present and former Tibetan Buddhist kingdoms of the Himalayas, particularly Bhutan and south Tibet. The architecture is massive in style with towering exterior walls surrounding a complex of courtyards, temples, administrative offices, and monks' accommodation.
The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug.<br/><br/> 'Nyingma' literally means 'ancient', and is often referred to as the 'school of the ancient translations' or the 'old school' because it is founded on the first translations of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Tibetan, in the eighth century.<br/><br/> The Tibetan script and grammar was actually created for this endeavour. In modern times the Nyingma lineage has been centered in Kham in eastern Tibet.
A stupa (Sanskrit: stūpa, Pāli: thūpa, literally meaning 'heap') is a mound-like structure containing Buddhist relics, typically the remains of Buddha, used by Buddhists as a place of worship.<br/><br/> The term 'chorten' is used for a stupa in Tibetan Buddhism, notably in Tibet, Bhutan, Sikkim, parts of Nepal and Mongolia.<br/><br/> Stupas are an ancient form of mandala.
Kham is a region in eastern Tibet which was considered a "special administrative district" within China until 1939, when it became an official Chinese province. The people of Kham are called ‘Khampas’ and are highly reputed warriors.
Kham (Pinyin: Kangba), is a historical region presently divided between the Tibetan Autonomous Region, and the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, with smaller portions found in Qinghai, Gansu and Yunnan, where Khampas, a subgroup within the Tibetan ethnicity, live. During the Republic of China's rule over mainland China (1911–1949), most of the region was called Sikang Province (Xīkāng Shěng). The people of Kham are famous warriors, and armed escorts for caravans - for example on the Tea Horse Road - were formerly essential to guard against bandits.